Assessing nanoparticle risks to human health / edited by Gurumurthy Ramachandran.

Includes index.

Online resource; title from PDF title page (ScienceDirect, viewed March 3, 2016).

Front Cover; Assessing Nanoparticle Risks to Human Health; Copyright Page; Contents; About the Editor; About the Contributors; Preface; 1 The Challenge of Nanomaterial Risk Assessment; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 The Nature of the Nanomaterial Challenge; 1.3 The Problem with Definitions; 1.4 Principles-Based Problem Formulation for Engineered Nanomaterials; 1.4.1 Emergent Risk; 1.4.2 Plausibility; 1.4.3 Impact; 1.5 Applying the Three Principles to Engineered Nanomaterials; 1.5.1 Materials Demonstrating Abrupt Scale-Specific Changes in Biological or Environmental Behavior.

1.5.2 Materials Capable of Penetrating Normally Inaccessible Places1.5.3 Active Materials; 1.5.4 Materials Exhibiting Scalable Hazard That Is Not Captured by Conventional Risk Assessments; 1.6 Responsible Research and Innovation; 1.7 Looking Forward; References; 2 Assessing and Managing Exposures to Nanomaterials in the Workplace; 2.1 A General Strategy to Assess Workplace Exposures; 2.2 Uncertainties Introduced by Nanotechnology; 2.3 Exposure Routes; 2.3.1 Inhalation; 2.3.2 Dermal Exposure; 2.3.3 Ingestion; 2.4 Occupational Exposure Limits; 2.4.1 Permissible Exposure Limits from the OSHA.

2.4.2 Recommended Exposure Limits from the NIOSH2.4.3 Benchmark Limits; 2.5 Instruments Available to Assess Exposures; 2.5.1 Direct-Reading Instruments; Number concentration; Mass concentration; Surface area concentration; 2.5.2 Time-Integrated Measurements; Detailed characterization; Routine monitoring; 2.6 Specific "Best Practices" for Exposure Assessment Strategy in Nanotechnology; 2.6.1 Basic Characterization; Workplace and workforce; Characterizing nanomaterials; 2.6.2 Construction of Similar Exposure Groups Combined with Exposure Assessment; Concentration mapping.

Job-task-related measurementsBackground particles and incidental nanoparticles; 2.6.3 Interpretation of Exposure Assessment Results; Selecting occupational exposure limits; Defining the exposure profile; 2.6.4 Follow-Up and Control; References; 3 Hazard and Risk Assessment of Workplace Exposure to Engineered Nanoparticles: Methods, Issues, and Carbon Nanotub ... ; 3.1 Introduction; 3.1.1 Risk Assessment Paradigm; 3.1.2 Hazard Assessment; 3.1.3 Dose-Response Assessment; No observed or lowest observed adverse effect levels; Benchmark dose methods; Comparison of BMD and NOAEL/LOAEL estimates.

3.1.4 Interspecies and Temporal Extrapolation3.2 Case Study Example: Carbon Nanotubes; 3.2.1 Data Description; 3.2.2 Severity of Effects; 3.2.3 Quantitative Risk Assessment Procedures; Step 1. Evaluation of the exposure (or dose) and response data; Step 2. Estimation of a point of departure; Step 3. Estimation of rat lung dose; Step 4. Estimation of human-equivalent lung dose; Step 5. Risk characterization; 3.2.4 Considerations in the Derivation of OELs; 3.3 Discussion; 3.3.1 Comparison with Other Methods; 3.3.2 Research Needs; 3.3.3 Future Directions; References.